数控立式车床的工作原理和工作过程

数控立式车床主要用于加工直径大、长度短的大型工件和不易夹在卧式车床的工件，在满足回转直径的情况下，过重的工件不易被车床夹住，自重会影响加工精度。采用数控立式车床可以解决上述问题。那么下面就来了解一下数控立式车床的工作原理和工作过程。

数控立式车床采用步进电机带动滚珠丝杠旋转传动，由于滚珠丝杠有过盈量，传动无间隙，精度主要由机床本身和程序保证。加工过程中可以自动测量，自动补偿刀具磨损和其他原因引起的误差。所以加工质量好，精度稳定。也可以编程输出形状复杂、普通车床难以加工的零件。数控立式车床适用于精度高、批量大、形状复杂的零件。但是，少量生产也很容易使用。其维护费用高于普通车床。

数控立式车床主要用于大件，其主轴垂直。由于日益缺乏高技术水平的人才，新企业往往采用数控立式车床来提高生产率和产品质量，降低废品率和成本。

数控立式车床的工作原理是根据被加工零件的图样进行工艺分析，编制加工程序，将加工程序输入数控装置完成轨迹插补运算，控制机床执行机构的运动轨迹，加工符合零件图要求的工件。

数控立式车床主要工作过程：

1.工程序加工程序的创建方法通常有手动编程和自动编程两种，分别针对简单的零件加工和复杂的零件加工。

2.程序输入加工的方法因数控立式车床的输入装置而异。数控装置的读取过程有两种方式。一种是边读边加工，是分批式的操作方法。另一种是将加工程序全部读入数控装置内部的存储器，加工时从存储器中调用。

3.插补运算加工程序输入数控装置后，在控制软件的支持下，数控装置进行一系列处理和计算。运算结果作为脉冲信号输出到伺服系统中。

由于零件形状由直线、圆弧或其他曲线组成，因此数控机床刀具必须根据零件的形状和尺寸要求进行运动。也就是说，需要在图形轨道上运动。轨迹插补是在线段的起点和终点坐标之间进行数据点的加密，数控立式车床加工中心提出一系列中间点的坐标值，向相应的坐标输出脉冲信号。

4.控制和机床加工数控装置输出的插补脉冲信号经过信号转换、功率放大，通过伺服电机和机械传动机构，机床执行器带动刀具加工，加工出符合图纸要求的零件。

以上介绍的就是数控立式车床的工作原理和工作过程。如需了解更多，可随时联系我们!我公司有多年的经验，随时期待您的加入。

数控立式车床

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